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Roman Numeral Converter & Chart
Convert numbers from 1 to 3999 into Roman numerals and Roman numerals back into numbers, with a Roman numeral chart you can print.
Whole numbers from 1 to 3999
Enter a whole number from 1 to 3999.
Rule
Split the number into thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones. Write each place with I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.
Enter a whole number from 1 to 3999.
Reference chart
Symbols and their values, then 1–10, the tens, the hundreds, and the thousands. Subtractive pairs: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), CM (900).
- I1
- V5
- X10
- L50
- C100
- D500
- M1000
| Place | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–10 | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X |
| Tens | X | XX | XXX | XL | L | LX | LXX | LXXX | XC | C |
| Hundreds | C | CC | CCC | CD | D | DC | DCC | DCCC | CM | M |
| Thousands | M | MM | MMM |
The thousands row stops at 3000 (MMM). Blank cells have no standard numeral. The converter stops at 3999 (MMMCMXCIX).
This Roman numeral converter writes any whole number from 1 to 3999 in standard Roman numerals and reads a Roman numeral back as an Arabic number. Each result shows the place-by-place sum, including the subtractive pairs IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, and CM. When a spelling such as IIII comes up, the page gives the standard form to use instead. The symbols and the place-value chart sit on the page for reference and can be printed.
Break the number into places
Start with the largest place that fits. 1994 splits into 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4, written M, CM, XC, and IV, and joined as MCMXCIV. CM means 1000 − 100, XC means 100 − 10, and IV means 5 − 1. Typing MCMXCIV runs that same split backward and adds the four values to 1994.
The result updates as you type. Number to Roman takes a whole number, and Roman to number takes the letters I, V, X, L, C, D, and M in either case. Copy places the result on the clipboard. The examples load 2026, 1994, 49, 4, 9, and 3999, so a date and the subtractive spellings are one click away.
Read the chart
The seven symbols are listed with their values: I is 1, V is 5, X is 10, L is 50, C is 100, D is 500, and M is 1000. Under that row, a table lines up 1 through 10, the tens through 100, the hundreds through 1000, and the thousands through 3000. Print chart opens this table in a new window.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is 1994 in Roman numerals?
1994 is MCMXCIV. The Arabic number splits into 1000 + 900 + 90 + 4, written M + CM + XC + IV. CM is 1000 − 100, XC is 100 − 10, and IV is 5 − 1.
What is 2026 in Roman numerals?
2026 is MMXXVI. That is 2000 + 20 + 6, written MM + XX + VI. The hundreds digit is 0, so the numeral goes from the thousands straight to the tens.
Why is 4 written IV?
IIII uses four I's in a row. The standard spelling of 4 is IV, one before five, and the same pattern gives IX, XL, XC, CD, and CM. Some clock faces still show IIII; this converter keeps the standard spelling.
What is 49 in Roman numerals?
49 is XLIX. Split it as 40 + 9, which is XL + IX. XL is 50 − 10, and IX is 10 − 1.
How high do standard Roman numerals go?
This converter covers whole numbers from 1 to 3999. The highest spelling is MMMCMXCIX. Zero, a negative, and a decimal have no standard spelling, and a bar over a numeral for a larger value is outside this chart.